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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Heart Failure, Loop Blocks Sodium-potassium- chloride cotransporter, Patient: EL characteristics Height: 5'8 Weight: 110.45 kg, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Is a Chronic Condition In Which The heart no longer pumps blood effectively, Negative remodeling, Worsened LV function Leads to Symptoms of heart failure, Left Heart Failure Causing Decreased Cardiac Output, Patient: EL Current Rx Medications HCTZ 25 mg/day, Digoxin Works by Increasing force of myocardial contraction, Diuretics ???? K-sparing, Physiology Leads to Reduced cardiac output, Patient: EL Current Rx Medications Metformin 1000mg/day, Edema and Ascites Through Peripheral Edema and Hepatomegaly, Decreased Blood Pressure Causing Smooth Muscle Relaxation in the heart, Pharmacologic Treatments MOA Digoxin, Blocking Angiotensin II Receptor Preventing Vasoconstriction, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patient case Patient: EL, Sodium-chloride transporter Leads to Increased Na and Cl excretion, Less water reabsorption into blood Result Decrease in blood volume, SA Node Causing Slowed Heart Rate and reduced blood pressure, Beta Blockers Work by Binding to beta receptors blocking E and NE, Patient: EL social life Stays at home and watches tv